What is HC in emission test?

Vehicle emissions are a major source of air pollution in urban areas. The impact on urban air quality could be reduced if the trends of vehicle emissions are well understood. More than 48000 valid gasoline powered vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO) were measured.

What can cause high HC emissions?

Possible Causes of High Hydrocarbon (HC) Emissions

Lean or Rich Air-Fuel Ratio.
Inadequate Catalytic Converter Efficiency.
Induction System Problems.
Poor Ignition Performance.
Uneven Output Among the Engine’s Cylinders.
Possible Causes of High Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions.
Excessive Crankcase Blowby or PCV Flow.

How do I lower my HC emissions at idle?

On a precomputer carbureted car, one way to get under the HC and CO limits is to retard the ignition timing. This will slow the idle and provide a longer, hotter burn. Then, bring the idle speed back up to specs with the throttle stop screw or idle stop solenoid, which will admit more air.

What is HC in pollution?

Types of emissions. Emissions that are principal pollutants of concern include: Hydrocarbons (HC) – A class of burned or partially burned fuel, hydrocarbons are toxins. Hydrocarbons are a major contributor to smog, which can be a major problem in urban areas.

Is HC a pollutant?

The criteria pollutant emissions generated from fuel combustion by internal combustion engines (ICE) include nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2, together called NOx), hydrocarbons (HC)—also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter of size <10 …

How can I lower my CO emissions?

Alternatives to drivingWhen possible, walk or ride your bike in order to avoid carbon emissions completely. Carpooling and public transportation drastically reduce CO2 emissions by spreading them out over many riders. Drive a low carbon vehicleHigh mileage doesn’t always mean low CO2 emissions.

How do you fix high exhaust emissions?

How to reduce your car’s emissions (and pass the NCT in the…

Repair the exhaust. Inspect your exhaust and repair any holes that you see.
Get a service.
Fuel additives.
Use better quality fuel.
Inflate tyres.
Before the test.

What does high HC ppm mean?

A high HC reading means the test found high HC (hydrocarbons) in your emissions. In other words, too much gas is left in the exhaust after combustion.

What is PM in exhaust system?

Abstract: Exhaust particulate matter (PM) is the most complex of exhaust emissions. Particulate matter, as defined by most emission standards, is filterable material sampled from diluted and cooled exhaust gases. PM contains a large portion of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) found in engine exhaust.

What chemicals are in diesel exhaust?

The gas portion of diesel exhaust is mostly carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

What ppm of CO is dangerous?

As CO levels increase and remain above 70 ppm, symptoms become more noticeable and can include headache, fatigue and nausea. At sustained CO concentrations above 150 to 200 ppm, disorientation, unconsciousness, and death are possible.

What to look for in a car emissions test?

For example, if NOX and HC are both high, CO are low, and the idle is too high, I’d check for a vacuum leak causing lean misfire. To really hone in on the problem, you will also need a proper scan tool to watch data streams, and a 5 gas analyzer.

How are emission factors used to calculate flaring?

Therefore, the emission factors used to calculate flaring emissions are very variable depending on the reference. One of the main differences between the factors is the activity rate considered (gas sent to flaring or refinery feed) In accordance with the aforementioned problems, the main targets of this study are:

What causes a car to not pass emission testing?

Common causes of HC are: a rich or lean misfire a failed O2 sensor an ignition misfire old or faulty ignition parts (plugs, wires, coils) improper crankshaft/ camshaft timing a failed catalytic converter a failed secondary air system

How are flare gas emissions measured in Spain?

The official flare gas emissions in Spain are currently evaluated using the CORINAIR methodology (SNAP 090203) and surveys from the petrol companies. However, the emission factors used in CORINAIR could be non-representative for some plants in Spain.

How to read the HC ppm emissions test?

How to Read the HC PPM Emissions Test. Most states in the U.S. require that vehicles undergo emissions or smog testing. These tests measure the amount of pollutants vehicles expel into the air and identify those vehicles that need to be fixed before they can be driven again.

What happens when you fail the HC ppm test?

Interpret the HC PPM reading. If you fail the HC PPM part of the test, it could mean that there is a problem with the carburetor, fuel injection system or oxygen sensor, or that the engine oil is diluted or the air cleaner is dirty.

Where do I find the hydrocarbons in my Emissions test?

Within the tailpipe section of your test results you’ll see “HC PPM,” which refers to the hydrocarbon amounts. Locate the tailpipe section of your emissions test results. Find “HC PPM” within the tailpipe section.